The Protected Designation of Origin zone of Samos is dedicated to the production of sweet wines exclusively from the Moscato of Samos (White Moscato) variety. The wines are produced either from sun-dried grapes with the interruption of alcoholic fermentation (naturally sweet), or fortified with sun-dried grapes, increasing the alcohol content through the addition of wine-derived alcohol (naturally sweet). Their aromas are particularly delightful and rich, featuring intense floral notes, such as rose and citrus blossoms, fruity characteristics like citrus and stone fruits, with exceptional aging potential, developing tones of honey, nuts, and potpourri.
The vineyards are located in communities throughout most of the island, on the slopes of Mount Ambelos and at the foothills of Mount Kerketeas. They are planted on terraces with dry-stone walls, which are sometimes so narrow that they can only accommodate a single row of vines. The elevation ranges from sea level to as high as 900 meters. The soils are primarily slate, gravelly, with good drainage and moderate fertility. The climate is Mediterranean, characterized by mild winters and dry summers. The sea breeze is particularly beneficial during the summer months, as it cools the plants and allows the grapes to ripen gradually, enhancing all the aromatic compounds while maintaining refreshing acidity. The northern winds, combined with the elevation, extend the harvest period, sometimes into late September.
The island of Samos has been renowned for its viticulture since ancient times, with depictions on ancient coins confirming this heritage. Additionally, amphorae bearing seals from the region were used for transporting Samos’ “floral wine.” In the 16th and 17th centuries, Samos wine is mentioned by travelers of the time and became a key commercial product of the island. In 1934, the Union of Winemaking Cooperatives of Samos was established, significantly contributing to the preservation of viticulture on the island, the qualitative enhancement of the wines, and their commercial promotion.